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Tumors of the Eye

Tumors can be found in almost all tissues within the eye, as well as the eyelid, surrounding tissues, and related structures. These tumors may be benign or malignant, and if malignant, they may have come from another place in the body (metastasized). It is very important to differentiate between tumors that have metastasized from those originating in or around the eyes. All tumor of the eye require prompt medical evaluation by an ophthalmologist.

Eyelid Tumors

Tumors of the eyelid are quite common and look like irregularities or bumps. Although they are usually benign, they can on occasion be malignant. The only way to determine whether a tumor is malignant or benign is to examine the tissue under a microscope, known as a biopsy. Your ophthalmologist may suggest removing a portion of the tumor for this purpose, or if the tumor is small in size, completely remove it.

Conjunctival Tumors

Conjunctival tumors affect the mucous membrane-like tissue covering the white of the eye (the conjunctiva). These lesions usually appear as a spot or slightly raised area against the white background. Malignant tumors are seldom seen but if suspected, they must be treated appropriately with either surgical removal or radiation.

Tumors within the Eye

Tumors within the eye are rare and may be difficult to diagnose. Special tests or even removal of the eye may be necessary if a life-threatening malignancy is suspected. Once a tumor is diagnosed as non-malignant, it may require only observation or if it is a vascular tumor, laser treatment.

The most common malignant tumor in the eye is a melanoma; usually this occurs in the middle-aged or elderly. In approximately one half of the cases, these tumors metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body where they grow. Despite aggressive treatment, they may lead to death.

Since there is little scientific evidence that any treatment, including surgery, radiation, or complete removal of the eye; influences the outcome, treatment of melanomas is a controversial subject amony ophthalmologists. A national study is evaluating different treatment methods but it will be many years before the results will be known. In the meantime, radiation therapy, observation, and removal of the eye seem to have an equal number of medical advocates.

A rare, genetically determined and life-threatening tumor called a retinoblastoma, can occur in young children, usually by the second or third year of life. Since early recognition and treatment of this tumor are important to the child’s survival, any abnormality or suspicion of a visual defect in a baby or young child should be promptly evaluated by an ophthalmologist. If the tumor is large or involves both eyes, it may be necessary to remove an eye, treat with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of all of the above. Since retinoblastoma can occur in other family members, examination and genetic counseling may be recommended.

Orbital Tumors

Tumors may arise in the socket (orbit) behind the eye, displacing the eyeball and causing decreased or double vision. Diagnosis usually requires extensive evaluation and often includes x-rays and blood work. Treatment methods may include radiation therapy or surgical removal of the tumor.

Why are Regular Medical Eye Examinations Important for Everyone?

Eye disease can strike at any age.  Many eye diseases do not cause symptoms until the disease has done damage.  Most blindness is preventable if diagnosed and treated early.  Regular medical examinations by an ophthalmologist are very important.  Why an ophthalmologist?  Because only an ophthalmologist (M.D. or osteopath) can provide total care for your eyes: medical, surgical and optical.